Scientific Evidence Supporting Low-Voltage Electrical Stimulation and Nitric Oxide Release

1. Direct Current Electric Fields Stimulate NO Production in Endothelial Cells

   A study published in the Journal of Vascular Research demonstrated that applying direct current electric fields to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) led to significant phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), increased eNOS protein expression, and elevated NO production. This indicates that low-level electric fields can modulate angiogenesis via NO pathways.

2. Low-Intensity Electrical Stimulation Reduces Arterial Stiffness

   Research in Frontiers in Physiology examined the effects of low-intensity electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) on arterial stiffness. The study found that EMS could reduce arterial stiffness, potentially through increased blood flow and shear stress, which are known to stimulate NO release from endothelial cells.

3. Low-Level Tragus Stimulation Improves Endothelial Function

   A study in the Journal of Cardiac Failure investigated low-level tragus stimulation (LLTS) in patients with heart failure. The results showed that LLTS improved endothelial function, possibly through increased NO bioavailability, as assessed by flow-mediated dilation and microcirculation measurements.

4. Cervical Spinal Cord Electrical Stimulation Elevates NO Levels

   An article in Acta Neurochirurgica reported that electrical stimulation of the upper cervical spine in rabbits increased NO levels in brain and dermal tissues. Real-time measurements confirmed that NO levels rose significantly during stimulation and returned to baseline shortly after, suggesting a direct effect of electrical stimulation on NO production.

Implications for Bio-Electrode Therapy (BeT)

These studies collectively indicate that low-level electrical stimulation can enhance endothelial function by promoting NO release. This mechanism supports the efficacy of BeT in improving vascular health and tissue regeneration. The alignment of BeT’s natural voltages with those used in these studies underscores its potential as a non-invasive therapeutic modality.